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Chefs and Head Cooks

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RealisticEnterprisingConventional
$62,470
Median Salary
per year (national)
+6.6%
Job Growth
2025–2035
220,300
Jobs Today
2025
🎓
Typical Entry-Level Education
High school diploma or equivalent
OverviewResponsibilitiesT-A-S-KEducationIncome & EmployabilityVideoTraining ProgramsRelated Careers

Overview

Chefs and Head Cooks has a national median salary of $62,470 per year, with +6.6% projected job growth from 2025–2035. The Bureau of Labor Statistics lists a high school diploma or equivalent as the typical education needed to enter this occupation.

Description

Direct and may participate in the preparation, seasoning, and cooking of salads, soups, fish, meats, vegetables, desserts, or other foods. May plan and price menu items, order supplies, and keep records and accounts.

Work Values

  • Independence
  • Recognition
  • Achievement

Work Styles

DependabilityInitiativeAdaptability/FlexibilityLeadershipStress Tolerance

Responsibilities

Tasks

  • Monitor sanitation practices to ensure that employees follow standards and regulations.
  • Instruct cooks or other workers in the preparation, cooking, garnishing, or presentation of food.
  • Supervise or coordinate activities of cooks or workers engaged in food preparation.
  • Order or requisition food or other supplies needed to ensure efficient operation.
  • Inspect supplies, equipment, or work areas to ensure conformance to established standards.

Work Activities

  • Training and Teaching Others
  • Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others
  • Developing and Building Teams
  • Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work
  • Coaching and Developing Others
  • Getting Information
  • Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates
  • Making Decisions and Solving Problems
  • Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates
  • Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships

Detailed Work Activities

  • Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
  • Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
  • Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.
  • Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
  • Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
  • Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
  • Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance.
  • Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
  • Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
  • Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.

T-A-S-K

Technology, Abilities, Skills & Knowledge

Technology Skills

  • Spreadsheet software
  • Instant messaging software
  • Data base user interface and query software
  • Analytical or scientific software
  • Electronic mail software

Abilities

  • Oral Expression
  • Problem Sensitivity
  • Information Ordering
  • Oral Comprehension
  • Deductive Reasoning

Skills

  • Coordination
  • Monitoring
  • Management of Personnel Resources
  • Social Perceptiveness
  • Speaking

Knowledge

  • Food Production
  • Production and Processing
  • Customer and Personal Service
  • Personnel and Human Resources
  • Administration and Management

Education

Education Levels of Current Workers

The Bureau of Labor Statistics lists a high school diploma or equivalent as the typical education needed to enter this occupation. The chart below shows the highest level of education held by people already working in this field, ages 25 and older. It includes workers who earned more education than the job requires and workers who entered the field under earlier requirements, so the largest bar is not the entry requirement. For example, if someone finished an associate's degree and then started working in this field, they are counted under “Associate's degree” here, but the job itself typically asks for a high school diploma or equivalent.

17.7%
Less than high school diploma
31.6%
High school diploma or equivalent
20.3%
Some college, no degree
15.7%
Associate's degree
12.2%
Bachelor's degree
1.9%
Master's degree
0.7%
Doctoral or professional degree

Certificates

Certifications applicable to Chefs and Head Cooks:

Certificate nameCertifying OrganizationType
AMSA Culinary Meat Selection & Cookery CertificationAmerican Meat Science AssociationD
Certified Chef de Cuisine (CCC)American Culinary Federation, Inc.D
Certified Culinary Professional (CCP)Global Foodservice InstituteD
Certified Culinary Professional Level II-III (CCP)Global Foodservice InstituteD
Certified Executive Chef (CEC)American Culinary Federation, Inc.D
Certified Executive Pastry Chef (CEPC)American Culinary Federation, Inc.D
Certified Master Chef (CMC)American Culinary Federation, Inc.D
Certified Master Pastry Chef (CMPC)American Culinary Federation, Inc.D

Income & Employability

Income Percentile

The median (50th percentile) is the middle wage; 10% earn less than the low figure and 10% earn more than the high figure.

Low (10%)$37,900
Median (50%)$62,470
High (90%)$98,560

Income by Experience

How pay typically grows from entry level (0–2 yrs) to expert (8+ yrs).

Entry (0–2 yrs)$51,831
Mid (3–5 yrs)$70,015
Senior (6–8 yrs)$77,161
Expert (8+ yrs)$88,288

Employability

There are currently 220,300 jobs in this career path (2025). That number is projected to grow to 234,700 by 2035, a +6.6% change.

+6.6% growth

Video Resources

Training Programs

12 programs at 10 schools on Career School App prepare students for a career as Chefs and Head Cooks, including Culinary Arts (12).

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This site incorporates information from O*NET Web Services by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA). O*NET® is a registered trademark of USDOL/ETA. Used under the CC BY 4.0 license.

Certification, licence and career video information is sourced from CareerOneStop, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (DOLETA) and the Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development (DEED).

Wage, employment and outlook figures are from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics — Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) and the Employment Projections program. Figures describe the occupation, not any particular program or graduate.

Career cluster definitions are from Advance CTE.

Pay-by-experience bands are from Lightcast (as recent as July 2025).